Understanding Appendectomy: Surgical Removal of the Appendix

Introduction

Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed emergency abdominal surgeries worldwide. It involves the removal of the appendix to treat acute appendicitis, a condition that can become life-threatening if not managed promptly. Early surgical intervention and postoperative rehabilitation support faster recovery.

Definition

Appendectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the inflamed appendix, a small finger-like pouch attached to the cecum of the large intestine.

Etiology

Appendectomy is primarily indicated due to acute appendicitis, which may result from:

• Obstruction of the appendix by fecal matter
• Lymphoid hyperplasia
• Tumors or parasites
• Bacterial infection
• Trauma or inflammation

Obstruction leads to increased pressure, decreased blood supply, infection, and risk of perforation.

Incision Site

The incision site depends on the surgical approach:

• Open appendectomy: McBurney’s point in the right lower abdomen
• Laparoscopic appendectomy: Small incisions near the umbilicus and lower abdomen

Laparoscopic incisions are smaller and associated with quicker recovery.

Procedure

• The surgery is performed under general anesthesia
• The appendix is identified, ligated, and removed
• The abdominal cavity is cleaned if infection is present
• The incision is closed using sutures or staples
• Laparoscopic technique uses a camera and specialized instruments

Signs and Symptoms

Patients requiring appendectomy commonly present with:

• Right lower abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Loss of appetite
• Abdominal tenderness
• Elevated white blood cell count

Complication

Possible complications include:

• Surgical site infection
• Intra-abdominal abscess
• Bleeding
• Bowel obstruction
• Delayed wound healing
• Postoperative pain and stiffness

Physiotherapy Management

Physiotherapy plays a vital role in postoperative recovery:

• Breathing exercises: Prevent pulmonary complications
• Early mobilization: Decreased risk of deep vein thrombosis
• Pain management strategies: Positioning and relaxation
• Postural correction: Minimizes abdominal strain
• Gentle abdominal strengthening: Promotes core stability
• Functional training: Gradual return to daily activities
• Education: Proper body mechanics and activity pacing

Conclusion

Appendectomy is a safe and effective treatment for acute appendicitis. Timely surgery combined with structured physiotherapy rehabilitation promotes early mobility, prevents complications, and ensures a smooth return to normal function. A multidisciplinary approach optimizes recovery outcomes.