Fracture of the Pelvis: From Trauma to Functional Recovery

Introduction

Fracture of the Pelvis From Trauma to Functional Recovery involves a break in one or more pelvic bones, including the ilium, ischium, pubis, or sacrum. Pelvic fractures range from stable, low-energy injuries to complex, life-threatening trauma. Proper medical care and early physiotherapy are essential for restoring mobility and preventing long-term disability.

Etiology

• High-energy trauma, such as road traffic accidents
• Falls from height or severe direct impact
• Sports-related trauma
• Crush injuries
• Low-energy falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis
• Pathological fractures due to bone weakness or tumors

Epidemiology

Pelvic fractures commonly occur after high-energy trauma such as road traffic accidents in young adults, while low-energy falls cause fractures in elderly individuals with osteoporosis. Incidence is higher in males, and severe fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Clinical Features

• Severe pain in the pelvic, hip, or groin region
• Complexity or inability to stand or walk
• Tenderness and swelling over the pelvic area
• Bruising around the pelvis, perineum, or lower abdomen
• Pain during hip movements
• Possible leg length discrepancy or deformity
• In severe cases, signs of internal bleeding or shock

Physiotherapy Management

Acute Phase:

• Pain relief through proper positioning and support
• Breathing exercises to prevent pulmonary complications
• Gentle active movements of non-injured limbs
• Isometric exercises for lower-limb muscles

Rehabilitation Phase:

• Gradual progression to active and assisted range of motion exercises
• Strengthening exercises for hip, trunk, and lower-limb muscles
• Bed mobility and transfer training
• Gait training with assistive devices (walkers , crutch)

Functional Phase:

• Balance and coordination exercises
• Progressive weight-bearing is permitted
• Functional training for daily activities
• Education on posture and safe mobility techniques

Complications

• Chronic pelvic or low back pain
• Nerve or vascular injury
• Reduced mobility and gait abnormalities
• Limb length discrepancy
• Sexual or urinary dysfunction
• Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Conclusion

Fracture of the Pelvis From Trauma to Functional Recovery are serious injuries that can significantly affect mobility and quality of life. Early diagnosis, appropriate medical management, and structured physiotherapy rehabilitation are vital in achieving optimal functional recovery and reducing long-term complications.