Fractures of knee joint

Knee fractures can vary in their severity and location, which can affect their treatment and management. Here are some common types of knee fractures and an overview of physiotherapy management for each:

Types of fracture

1. Patellar Fracture

• Patellar fractures involve a break in the kneecap (patella).
• Treatment may involve surgery to realign and fix the patella with pins or wires.
• Physiotherapy management includes early range of motion exercises, gentle quadriceps strengthening, and gait training. As healing progresses, exercises can become more advanced to improve strength and function

2. Plateau Fracture Tibial

• Tibial plateau fractures occur on the top surface of the shinbone (tibia) and can be caused by high-impact injuries
• Treatment can vary from non-surgical approaches to surgical fixation using screws or plates.
• Physiotherapy focuses on restoring range of motion, strength, and function. Weight-bearing exercises are introduced gradually, and balance and proprioception exercises are important.

3. Femoral Condyle Fracture

• Femoral condyle fractures are fractures in the rounded end of the femur that articulates with the tibia.
• Treatment may involve surgery, such as internal fixation or knee replacement, depending on the severity.
• Physiotherapy management aims to restore range of motion, strength, and stability. Early mobilization and weight-bearing exercises are introduced carefully.

4. Tibial Shaft Fracture:
   • Tibial shaft fractures occur along the body of the tibia, typically caused by high-energy trauma.
   • Surgical treatment may be necessary, with the use of plates, nails, or rods.
   • Physiotherapy helps with regaining strength and function. Weight-bearing and gait training are important components of rehabilitation.

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Management

Physiotherapy management of knee fracture has been applied in different phases, starting with early mobilization and pain management and gradually advancing to more complexexercises aimed at restoring strength, flexibility, and functional activities. The physiotherapist will create an individualized treatment plan based on the type and severity of the knee fracture and the patient’s specific needs. Exercises may include passive range of motion, active range of motion, strengthening exercises, balance and proprioception training, and gait retraining.

It’s important to follow the guidance of your healthcare provider and physiotherapist, as the management of knee fractures can be complex and may require a tailored approach for each patient’s unique situation.