Introduction
Compression Fractures is produced as a result of compressive forces on the bone. The bony mass gets compressed within itself. It is ungentlemanly in cancellous bones (e.g., vertebral body). Compression fractures of the spine are a common yet often impairing condition.
Clinical Features
- Sudden Loss of Height: Multiple fractures can lead to a noticeable reduction in stature and a stooped posture (kyphosis).
- Limited Mobility: trouble twisting, lifting or bending .
- Back Pain: Often localized to the fracture site, exacerbated and coughing by movement or sneezing.
- Limited Mobility: Difficulty twisting,bending or lifting.
- Neurological Symptoms (Less Common): In severe cases, nerve compression can cause numbness, burning,tingling,shooting or weakness in the legs.
Investigation
- X-ray: Initial imaging to recognize vertebral collapse.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of soft tissues and can differentiate between acute and old fractures, as well as rule out other causes like tumors.
- CT scan (Computed Tomography): Offers more detailed bone imaging, useful for assessing fracture strength.
- Bone Density Scan (DEXA): necessary for diagnosing osteoporosis, a main risk factor.
Physiotherapy Management
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery.
- Pain Management: Modalities likeTENS, heat/cold therapy.
- Back Extensor Strengthening: To counteract kyphosis and fortify the spine.
- Balance Training: To reduce fall risk, especially in osteoporotic patients.
- Core Strengthening: Exercises to improve posture and stabilize the spine (e.g., pelvic tilts ,gentle abdominal bracing).
- Education: Posture correction, safe lifting approach., and activity modification.
Risk Factors
- Age: Increased prevalence with advancing age.
- Certain Medical Conditions: Cancer (especially metastatic), hyperthyroidism,prolonged corticosteroid use.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate calcium and Vitamin D intake.
- Osteoporosis: The most notable risk factor, particularly in postmenopausal women and senior men.
- Trauma: Falls, car accidents, or other high-impact injuries.
Conclusion:
Compression fractures, while tender, are manageable with untimely diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment idea, with physiotherapy being a cornerstone for pain relief , functional restoration and prevention of future fractures.