Introduction Pes cavus, commonly known as high arches. These deformities of the ankle and foot present in various degrees, from mild to severe. Mild deformities are easily stretchable needing rigid immobilization in a corrected position. Severe ones are rigid. Many a times, these deformities are present in combination. In about 50% of the cases, they …
Introduction Congenital Talipes Equinovarus(CTEV) is one of the commonest congenital anomalies seen. The word talipes is derived from ‘talus’ and ‘pes’ and was applied to those walking on their neglected deformities wherein the talus rested on the ground as the foot (pes). It is characterized by plantar flexion (equinus) at the ankle joint, inversion at …
Introduction Avascular Necrosis Hip stands out due to its progressive charecter and potential for severe joint damage if left unaddressed. This article delves into the various facets of AVN of the hip. Definition Avascular Necrosis Hip (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, is caused by disruption of blood supply to the femoral head. Etiology Avascular Necrosis Hip …
Introduction Perthes disease is also known as Legg–calve–perthes disease, coxa plana,pseudocoxalgia. the disease is self-limiting in nature and the head revascularizes and hardens again after sometime, it never regains the normal shape if deformed. The whole process takes about 2–4 years. Definition Perthes disease is a disease of childhood hip disorder that is a specific …
Introduction It extends from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the plantar surface of the navicular bone. The ligaments are so arranged that they facilitate certain movements while at the same time check excessive and harmful joint movements. Spring ligament complex injuries or calcaneonavicular ligament injuries refer to stretching sprains, tears, or ruptures of …
Introduction Kyphosis, often perceived as solely a spinal issue, significantly impacts overall posture and movement patterns. The compensatory mechanisms adopted by the body to maintain balance in the presence of kyphosis can place abnormal stresses on various joints, particularly the hips, leading to pain, dysfunction, and even injury. Etiology The primary cause is the altered …
Kyphotic Deformity: Clinical Overview and Treatment Approaches Read More »
Introduction Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a congenital connective tissue disorder. There is defective collagen production, primarily Type I collagen .This protein is crucial for bone structure, making bones abnormally fragile and prone to fractures with minimal or no trauma. Definition Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a orthopedic abnormality characterized by Decreased osteoid formation and defective type I-collagen …
Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Challenges in Treatment and Physiotherapy Read More »
Introduction Spina Bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don’t form properly. It falls under the umbrella of neural tube defects (NTDs), which are conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord or spine. Definition Spina bifida, a neural tube defect, is the result of the defective fusion of one or …
Spina Bifida in Children: Early Intervention and Rehabilitation Read More »
Introduction Cauda Equina Syndrome is seen in injuries below the level of first lumbar vertebra. It is essentially an injury to the nerve roots below L1. Compression of these nerves can lead to permanent damage if not promptly treated, making CES a true aesculapian emergency. Etiology Cauda Equina Syndrome most commonly arises from a massive …
Understanding Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Neurological Emergency Read More »
Introduction Tuberculosis of the Hip Joint constitutes 15 percent of all osteoarticular tuberculosis. It is always secondary. The initial focus of infection could be either in the: (i) acetabular roof, (ii) epiphysis, (iii) metaphyseal region, (iv) greater trochanter, (v) synovial membrane (rare), and (vi) trochanteric bursae Pathogenesis Etiology TB bacillus is may responsible for TB …
Introduction Compression Fractures is produced as a result of compressive forces on the bone. The bony mass gets compressed within itself. It is ungentlemanly in cancellous bones (e.g., vertebral body). Compression fractures of the spine are a common yet often impairing condition. Clinical Features Investigation Physiotherapy Management Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery. Risk …
Compression Fractures: Diagnosis, Complications, and Rehabilitation Read More »
Introduction Vertigo is more than just dizziness; it’s a specific type of dizziness characterized by a commotion of motion where there is none, or an exaggerated sense of motion in response to genuine movement. It can be profoundly unsettling, often leading to vomiting, nausea and a fear of falling. Definition Vertigo is defined as a …
Understanding Vertigo: A Balance Disorder Explained Read More »
Introduction Meralgia Paresthetica (MP) is a neurological condition characterized by tingling, burning pain, numbness and sometimes an altered sensation on the lateral side of the thigh. Clinical feature Patients often report a burning pain or “pins and needles”commotion over the distribution of the LFCN. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may worsen with prolonged walking, …
Understanding Meralgia Paresthetica: Nerve Compression of the Thigh Read More »
Introduction Charcot knee joint is a progressive, degenerative neuropathy affecting one or more joints, most commonly the knee, due to underlying neurological deficits that impair sensation and proprioception. The knee, hip, shoulder or ankle joints are commonly affected. However, in rare instances, other smaller joints may also be affected. Definition Charcot knee joint is a …
Charcot Knee Joint: Pathophysiology and Treatment Approaches Read More »
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease which results in chronic inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. It is an autoimmune disease that involves systems/organs other than the bones and joints alone. Etiology The etiology is unclear; however, various factors like climate, race, diet, psychosomatic disorders, trauma, endocrine dysfunction, biochemical disorders, hereditary influences, disturbances …
Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Challenges and Treatment Options Read More »
