Introduction Cauda Equina Syndrome is seen in injuries below the level of first lumbar vertebra. It is essentially an injury to the nerve roots below L1. Compression of these nerves can lead to permanent damage if not promptly treated, making CES a true aesculapian emergency. Etiology Cauda Equina Syndrome most commonly arises from a massive …
Understanding Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Neurological Emergency Read More »
Introduction Tuberculosis of the Hip Joint constitutes 15 percent of all osteoarticular tuberculosis. It is always secondary. The initial focus of infection could be either in the: (i) acetabular roof, (ii) epiphysis, (iii) metaphyseal region, (iv) greater trochanter, (v) synovial membrane (rare), and (vi) trochanteric bursae Pathogenesis Etiology TB bacillus is may responsible for TB …
Introduction Compression Fractures is produced as a result of compressive forces on the bone. The bony mass gets compressed within itself. It is ungentlemanly in cancellous bones (e.g., vertebral body). Compression fractures of the spine are a common yet often impairing condition. Clinical Features Investigation Physiotherapy Management Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery. Risk …
Compression Fractures: Diagnosis, Complications, and Rehabilitation Read More »
Introduction Vertigo is more than just dizziness; it’s a specific type of dizziness characterized by a commotion of motion where there is none, or an exaggerated sense of motion in response to genuine movement. It can be profoundly unsettling, often leading to vomiting, nausea and a fear of falling. Definition Vertigo is defined as a …
Understanding Vertigo: A Balance Disorder Explained Read More »
Introduction Meralgia Paresthetica (MP) is a neurological condition characterized by tingling, burning pain, numbness and sometimes an altered sensation on the lateral side of the thigh. Clinical feature Patients often report a burning pain or “pins and needles”commotion over the distribution of the LFCN. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may worsen with prolonged walking, …
Understanding Meralgia Paresthetica: Nerve Compression of the Thigh Read More »
Introduction Charcot knee joint is a progressive, degenerative neuropathy affecting one or more joints, most commonly the knee, due to underlying neurological deficits that impair sensation and proprioception. The knee, hip, shoulder or ankle joints are commonly affected. However, in rare instances, other smaller joints may also be affected. Definition Charcot knee joint is a …
Charcot Knee Joint: Pathophysiology and Treatment Approaches Read More »
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease which results in chronic inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. It is an autoimmune disease that involves systems/organs other than the bones and joints alone. Etiology The etiology is unclear; however, various factors like climate, race, diet, psychosomatic disorders, trauma, endocrine dysfunction, biochemical disorders, hereditary influences, disturbances …
Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Challenges and Treatment Options Read More »
Definition of Dyscalculia Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to understand and work with numbers. It disrupts the typical development of arithmetic skills and affects a person’s confidence in handling everyday tasks involving math. Research suggests, it is largely brain-based, with differences observed in areas of the brain responsible for …
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) occurs when blood flow to the back of the brain is reduced or blocked. This region controls essential functions like balance and movement. While many people with VBI experience only mild symptoms, the condition significantly increases the risk of stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA or mini-stroke). In severe cases, it …
Post Burn Rehabilitation is a crucial phase in the recovery of a burn survivor, focusing on restoring function, minimizing deformity, managing pain, and supporting psychological healing. It begins as soon as the patient is medically stable and continues long after wound closure. Goals of Post-Burn Rehabilitation Physiotherapy management Physiotherapy plays a vital role in post-burn …
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a group of progressive lung diseases that cause obstructed airflow from the lungs. The two most common conditions under COPD are: COPD worsens over time and can significantly limit quality of life. It is preventable and treatable, especially when diagnosed early. Causes Risk Factors Pathophysiology COPD involves both airflow …
CTEV is a complex congenital deformity of foot in which a baby is born with a foot (or both feet) twisted out of its normal position. The condition affects bones, muscles, tendons, and blood vessels. Components of the Deformity The name “Talipes Equinovarus” describes the main components: So, in CTEV, the foot is: Epidemiology Causes …
Congenital hip dislocation, now more commonly referred to as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where a child’s hip joint is improperly formed. This can range from a slightly shallow socket to a completely dislocated hip.It develops at birth or develops during infancy.it is More common in girls, first-born children, and breech …
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often called a “mini-stroke”, is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke. It occurs when there is a brief interruption in blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord, or retina — typically lasting only a few minutes and not causing permanent damage. Causes A …
“Bone TB” refers to ostearticular tuberculosis, a form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the bones and joints. It’s caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the same bacterium that causes pulmonary TB, but it spreads from the lungs (or other primary sites) to the skeletal system, typically through the bloodstream. Causes of bone tb The primary cause of bone …
