Introduction Pes cavus, commonly known as high arches. These deformities of the ankle and foot present in various degrees, from mild to severe. Mild deformities are easily stretchable needing rigid immobilization in a corrected position. Severe ones are rigid. Many a times, these deformities are present in combination. In about 50% of the cases, they …
Introduction Avascular Necrosis Hip stands out due to its progressive charecter and potential for severe joint damage if left unaddressed. This article delves into the various facets of AVN of the hip. Definition Avascular Necrosis Hip (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, is caused by disruption of blood supply to the femoral head. Etiology Avascular Necrosis Hip …
Introduction Kyphosis, often perceived as solely a spinal issue, significantly impacts overall posture and movement patterns. The compensatory mechanisms adopted by the body to maintain balance in the presence of kyphosis can place abnormal stresses on various joints, particularly the hips, leading to pain, dysfunction, and even injury. Etiology The primary cause is the altered …
Kyphotic Deformity: Clinical Overview and Treatment Approaches Read More »
Introduction Spina Bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord don’t form properly. It falls under the umbrella of neural tube defects (NTDs), which are conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord or spine. Definition Spina bifida, a neural tube defect, is the result of the defective fusion of one or …
Spina Bifida in Children: Early Intervention and Rehabilitation Read More »
Introduction Cauda Equina Syndrome is seen in injuries below the level of first lumbar vertebra. It is essentially an injury to the nerve roots below L1. Compression of these nerves can lead to permanent damage if not promptly treated, making CES a true aesculapian emergency. Etiology Cauda Equina Syndrome most commonly arises from a massive …
Understanding Cauda Equina Syndrome: A Neurological Emergency Read More »
Introduction Meralgia Paresthetica (MP) is a neurological condition characterized by tingling, burning pain, numbness and sometimes an altered sensation on the lateral side of the thigh. Clinical feature Patients often report a burning pain or “pins and needles”commotion over the distribution of the LFCN. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may worsen with prolonged walking, …
Understanding Meralgia Paresthetica: Nerve Compression of the Thigh Read More »
Definition of Dyscalculia Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to understand and work with numbers. It disrupts the typical development of arithmetic skills and affects a person’s confidence in handling everyday tasks involving math. Research suggests, it is largely brain-based, with differences observed in areas of the brain responsible for …
Definition of Eating Disorder An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition marked by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively impact a person’s physical health, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. These disorders often involve an unhealthy obsession with food, body weight, or body image, leading to behaviors like extreme food restriction, binge eating, …
Definition of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious mental health disorder marked by profound disruptions in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), individuals with schizophrenia often experience persistent delusions, hallucinations (commonly hearing voices), disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning across social and occupational domains. Types of Schizophrenia Though now considered part …
Definition of Phobias Phobias are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a type of phobic anxiety disorder. These disorders involve a persistent, excessive, and unreasonable fear or anxiety triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. The intensity of this fear often leads individuals to avoid the trigger altogether, …
Definition of Panic Disorder Panic disorder is a mental health condition marked by recurring and unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that reach their peak within minutes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these attacks are often accompanied by symptoms such as a racing heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, or …
Definition of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes in which the person’s mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed, consisting of manic or hypomanic and depressive episodes. Manic episodes involve elevated or irritable mood, over-activity, rapid speech, inflated self-esteem, and a decreased need for sleep. Depressive episodes involve low mood, decreased energy, and …
Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects reading and language processing. Individuals with dyslexia have difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and decoding. These challenges occur despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities, and they stem from differences in how the brain processes written and spoken language. …
Definition of Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy (CP)is a lifelong neurological condition that primarily affects movement, posture, and muscle coordination. It typically appears in early childhood and results from damage or abnormal development of the brain. Though not progressive or hereditary, its effects on movement cannot be fully corrected. Types of Cerebral Palsy CP presents in …
Definition of Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities refer to the presence of two or more impairments occurring simultaneously—such as intellectual disability combined with blindness, orthopedic impairment, or other conditions. These combined impairments create educational needs that cannot be addressed through programs targeting a single disability. It is important to note that this definition does not include …
