Definition of Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability is characterized by a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, learn, and apply new skills.
Classification
Intellectual disability is categorized based on IQ levels
| Groups | IQ | Proportion of all mentally Retarded(%) |
| Profound | 0-20 | 5 |
| Severe | 20-35 | 20 |
| Moderate | 35-50 | |
| Mild | 50-70(or 75) | 75 |
Developmental Milestones
6-8 weeks: Establishes eye contact.
2 months: Displays a social smile.
4-5 months: Starts laughing and giggling.
6 months: Smiles or laughs at humor.
9 months: Imitates gestures like pointing, clapping, or waving.
9-10 months: Engages in peek-a-boo and enjoys interactive games.
9-12 months: Responds to their name.
12-18 months: Attempts to mimic names.
12-15 months: Shakes head to indicate “no.”
15 months: Waves goodbye.
18 months: Uses at least 10 words and points to objects of interest.
18-36 months: Engages in pretend play, develops a vocabulary of several hundred words, forms two to three-word sentences, and repeats words.
Causes of Intellectual Disability
Prenatal: High blood pressure, thyroid issues, diabetes, genetics, and infections.
Natal (At Birth): Premature birth, low birth weight, brain injury, and lack of oxygen.
Postnatal: Traumatic brain injury or infections.
Environmental Factors: after birth can also contribute.
Types of Intellectual Disabilities
Autism
Learning Disabilities
Locomotor Disabilities
Developmental Delays
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
Cerebral Palsy
Down Syndrome
Therapy & Management
Intellectual disability is not a disease and has no cure. However, with the right therapy and support, children can learn essential skills and improve their quality of life. Therapy for remains the most effective approach for children with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Intellectual Disability is a developmental condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which affect everyday for social and practical skills. It begins during the developmental period and varies in severity. Early diagnosis, supportive interventions, and inclusive environments can significantly improve quality of life and promote greater independence.
1. What is the definition of intellectual disability according to WHO?
Answer: Intellectual disability is characterized by a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, learn, and apply new skills.
2. What are the major causes of intellectual disability?
Answer: Causes include prenatal factors (genetics, infections, maternal health conditions), natal factors (premature birth, low birth weight, brain injury), postnatal factors (traumatic brain injury, infections), and environmental influences.
3. Can intellectual disability be cured?
Answer: No, intellectual disability is not a disease and has no cure, but therapy and support can help improve skills and quality of life.