Recurrent Patellar Dislocation

Introduction:

• Recurrent Patellar Dislocation is a significant knee condition characterized by the repeated displacement of the kneecap (patella) from its natural position.
• It is a common issue, particularly affecting young athletes, leading to chronic instability and discomfort.
• Trochlear dysplasia (shallow groove), patella alta (high – riding kneecap) and excessive genu valgum (knock- knees).

Definition:

• The repeated slipping of the patella out of the femoral trochlear groove, typically moving laterally.
• This condition contrasts with an initial traumatic dislocation and indicates underlying anatomical instability.
• This mostly occurs as a disruption of the medial patellofemoral ligament.

Cause:

• Anatomical factors: Trochlear dysplasia (shallow grove), patella alta (high-riding kneecap) and excessive genu valgum (knock- knees).
• Soft tissue injuries: Damage or rupture of the patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) from previous dislocations.
• Genu recurvatum
• Increased Q Angle
• Patellar hypermobility

Clinical Features:

• A characteristic sensation of the knee “giving way” or “slipping out of place”.
• The individual may experience patellar apprehension, a feeling of fear or instability when the kneecap is moved.
• Locking of the knee after the trauma

Sign & Symptoms:

• Sudden, sharp pain and a visible deformity during a dislocation episode.
• Immediate swelling and tenderness around the kneecap.
• Difficulty bending or straightening the knee after an episode.

Physiotherapy Management:

• Strengthening exercises focusing on the quadriceps, especially the vastus  medialis obliquus(VMO), to improve patellar tracking.
• Proprioceptive and balance training.
• Use of knee braces or taping to provide external support and guidance.
• Stretching: Improve flexibility of hamstrings and quadriceps.

Surgical Management:

• Recommended for persistent instability unresponsive to conservative treatment or in cases of significant anatomical abnormality.
• Common procedures include MPFL reconstruction to stabilize the kneecap.
• In specific cases, osteotomies or trochleoplasty may require to correct bony deformities.

Diet and Nutrition Support

At Aaziban, we emphasize that nutrition is an integral part of rehabilitation.
A balanced diet supports faster recovery from ligament injuries and muscle strain.

• Include protein-rich foods (fish, eggs, lentils) to repair soft tissues.
• Add calcium and vitamin D sources (milk, leafy greens, sesame) for bone health.
• Anti-inflammatory foods such as turmeric, mud apple (sapodilla), and berries help reduce swelling and promote healing.
• Stay hydrated and limit processed foods to aid recovery efficiency.

This nutrition-focused approach at Aaziban complements physiotherapy, ensuring optimal recovery and long-term joint stability.

Conclusion:

• Recurrent patellar dislocation requires a precise diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
• A combination of physiotherapy and targeted surgical intervention provides the best approach for restoring stability and function.