Definition of Dyscalculia Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to understand and work with numbers. It disrupts the typical development of arithmetic skills and affects a person’s confidence in handling everyday tasks involving math. Research suggests, it is largely brain-based, with differences observed in areas of the brain responsible for …
Definition of Eating Disorder An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition marked by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively impact a person’s physical health, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. These disorders often involve an unhealthy obsession with food, body weight, or body image, leading to behaviors like extreme food restriction, binge eating, …
Definition of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious mental health disorder marked by profound disruptions in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), individuals with schizophrenia often experience persistent delusions, hallucinations (commonly hearing voices), disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning across social and occupational domains. Types of Schizophrenia Though now considered part …
Definition of Phobias Phobias are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a type of phobic anxiety disorder. These disorders involve a persistent, excessive, and unreasonable fear or anxiety triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. The intensity of this fear often leads individuals to avoid the trigger altogether, …
Definition of Panic Disorder Panic disorder is a mental health condition marked by recurring and unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that reach their peak within minutes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these attacks are often accompanied by symptoms such as a racing heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, or …
Definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a structured, goal-focused, and time-limited form of psychotherapy. It centers on identifying and changing unhelpful patterns in thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. The core idea behind it is that our thoughts, feelings, and actions are closely connected. When negative thoughts arise, they can influence feelings and …
Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that primarily affects reading and language processing. Individuals with dyslexia have difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and decoding. These challenges occur despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunities, and they stem from differences in how the brain processes written and spoken language. …
What is Disability ? Disability is a broad term that refers to physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments that may limit a person’s ability to perform certain activities. Disabilities can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired due to injury, illness, or aging. While disabilities present challenges, they do not define a person’s potential, capabilities, …
Meaning of Mental Illness According to the Persons with Disabilities (P W D) Act, 1995, “Mental Illness” refers to any mental disorder excluding mental retardation. In modern terminology, mental retardation is more appropriately referred to as intellectual disability, and it is treated as a distinct category of disability under the Act. Understanding Mental Illness Mental …
Definition of Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities refer to the presence of two or more impairments occurring simultaneously—such as intellectual disability combined with blindness, orthopedic impairment, or other conditions. These combined impairments create educational needs that cannot be addressed through programs targeting a single disability. It is important to note that this definition does not include …
Special education refers to tailored educational programs designed to meet the unique needs of children with disabilities, learning differences, and special needs. These specialized interventions provide individualized support to help students achieve greater self-sufficiency and success both in school and their communities. Without these specialized services, many students may struggle to access the same opportunities …
Definition of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) one of the most common mental disorders, affecting 5–8% of children, primarily boys, and often continuing into adulthood. It impacts learning and daily functioning, characterized by three main features: Inattention – Difficulty staying focused. Hyperactivity – Excessive movement, fidgeting, or talking. Impulsivity – Acting without thinking, often leading …
Definition Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (E B D) refer to conditions that impact emotional regulation and behavior, interfering with daily life, relationships, and learning. These include anxiety, depression, A D H D, and conduct disorders. Characteristics E B D can be categorized into emotional, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. 1. Emotional Characteristics Excessive fear, anxiety, or …
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurological condition that affects brain development, leading to challenges in social interaction, communication, and behavior. It includes various subtypes, each with unique characteristics. Types of Autism Spectrum Disorder 1. Asperger’s Syndrome Previously considered separate from autism, Asperger’s Syndrome shared similarities but lacked significant language or cognitive development delays. Individuals with …
Definition Of Down’s Syndrome Down’s Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this condition results in physical and intellectual developmental delays. Individuals with Down Syndrome often exhibit distinct facial features, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and are at higher risk …
