Diagnosis

Autism with Early Intervention: A Comprehensive Overview

Speech Therapy /
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The term “spectrum” suggest the wide variation in strengths, symptoms, and levels of support required. Although autism is a lifelong condition, early intervention has been shown to significantly improve developmental outcomes, adaptive functioning, and …

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Upper Motor Neuron Lesions: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy /
Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

Introduction Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions are a remarkably neurological condition affecting voluntary movement control. They commonly occur due to damage in the brain or spinal cord pathways responsible for motor function. Early recognition is vital for effective management and rehabilitation. Definition An upper motor neuron lesion refers to damage to the motor neurons that …

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Neurapraxia: A Guide to Diagnosis and Physiotherapy Management

Physiotherapy /
Neurapraxia

Introduction Neurapraxia is the mildest form of peripheral nerve injury and is commonly seen in trauma, compression, or sports-related incidents. It results in temporary loss of nerve function without structural damage, making it highly reversible with proper care. Definition Neurapraxia is defined as a transient conduction block of a nerve without axonal disruption. The nerve …

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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Explained: Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Rehabilitation Management

Physiotherapy /
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Introduction Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is one of the most common pediatric orthopedic conditions. Early diagnosis is crucial, as timely treatment helps prevent long-term complications such as gait abnormalities and early osteoarthritis. A structured approach to assessment and rehabilitation is essential for optimal outcomes. Definition The condition is formerly known as congenital dislocation …

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Supraspinatus Tendinitis: Diagnosis, Treatment & Recovery Guide

Physiotherapy /
Supraspinatus Tendinitis

Introduction: Supraspinatus Tendinitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation or irritation of the supraspinatus tendon, one of the four rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder. This tendon plays a crucial role in arm elevation and rotation. When inflamed, it can lead to significant shoulder pain and limit movement, impacting daily activities and quality of …

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Spring Ligament Injuries

Physiotherapy /
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Introduction It extends from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the plantar surface of the navicular bone. The ligaments are so arranged that they facilitate certain movements while at the same time check excessive and harmful joint movements. Spring ligament complex injuries or calcaneonavicular ligament injuries refer to stretching sprains, tears, or ruptures of …

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Compression Fractures: Diagnosis, Complications, and Rehabilitation

Physiotherapy /
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Introduction Compression Fractures is produced as a result of compressive forces on the bone. The bony mass gets compressed within itself. It is ungentlemanly in cancellous bones (e.g., vertebral body). Compression fractures of the spine are a common yet often impairing condition. Clinical Features  Investigation  Physiotherapy Management Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery.  Risk …

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Understanding Meralgia Paresthetica: Nerve Compression of the Thigh

Physiotherapy /
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Introduction Meralgia Paresthetica (MP) is a neurological condition characterized by tingling, burning pain, numbness and sometimes an altered sensation on the lateral side of the thigh. Clinical feature Patients often report a burning pain or “pins and needles”commotion over the distribution of the LFCN. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may worsen with prolonged walking, …

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Dyscalculia

Special Education /
Dyscalculia

Definition of Dyscalculia Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that impairs a person’s ability to understand and work with numbers. It disrupts the typical development of arithmetic skills and affects a person’s confidence in handling everyday tasks involving math. Research suggests, it is largely brain-based, with differences observed in areas of the brain responsible for …

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Eating Disorder

Special Education /
Eating Disorder

Definition of Eating Disorder An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition marked by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively impact a person’s physical health, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life. These disorders often involve an unhealthy obsession with food, body weight, or body image, leading to behaviors like extreme food restriction, binge eating, …

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Causes and Symptoms of ALS

Physiotherapy /
causes and symptoms of als

ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a serious illness that slowly damages the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. These nerve cells control the muscles that help us move, speak, eat, and breathe. Over time, people with ALS lose the ability to do these things because their muscles get weaker and …

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Schizophrenia

Special Education /
Schizophrenia

Definition of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a serious mental health disorder marked by profound disruptions in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), individuals with schizophrenia often experience persistent delusions, hallucinations (commonly hearing voices), disorganized thinking, and impaired functioning across social and occupational domains. Types of Schizophrenia Though now considered part …

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Phobias

Special Education /
Phobias

Definition of Phobias Phobias are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a type of phobic anxiety disorder. These disorders involve a persistent, excessive, and unreasonable fear or anxiety triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. The intensity of this fear often leads individuals to avoid the trigger altogether, …

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Panic Disorder

Special Education /
Panic Disorder

Definition of Panic Disorder Panic disorder is a mental health condition marked by recurring and unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that reach their peak within minutes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), these attacks are often accompanied by symptoms such as a racing heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, or …

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